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Though considerable effort has been devoted to exploiting generation-side anddemand-side operational flexibility in order to cope with uncertain renewablegenerations, grid-side operational flexibility has not been fully investigated.In this review, we define grid-side flexibility as the ability of a powernetwork to deploy its flexibility resources to cope with the changes of powersystem state, particularly due to variation of renewable generation. Startingwith a survey on the metrics of operational flexibility, we explain thedefinition from both physical and mathematical point of views. Then conceptualexamples are presented to demonstrate the impacts of grid-side flexibilitygraphically, providing a geometric interpretation for a better understanding ofthe concepts. Afterwards the formulations and solution approaches in terms ofgrid-side flexibility in power system operation and planning are reviewed,based on which future research directions and challenges are outlined.

Grid-side Flexibility of Power Systems in Integrating Large-scale  Renewable Generations: A Critical Review on Concepts, Formulations and  Solution Approaches