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Human beings have to make numerous decisions every day, and these decisionsmight be biased and influenced by different personal, social and/orenvironmental variables. Pedestrians are ideal subjects for the study ofdecision-making, due to the inter-individual variation in risk taking. Manystudies have attempted to understand which environmental factors (light colour,waiting times, etc.) influence the number of times pedestrians broke the rulesat road-crossings, very few focused on the decision-making process ofpedestrians according to the different conditions of these variables, that isto say their perception and interpretation of the information they receive.This study used survival analyses to highlight the decision-making process ofpedestrians crossing the road at signalized crossings in France and in Japan.For both light colours, we decided to carry out separate analyses for the firstpedestrian to step off the kerb and other individuals following him/her, as thedecisions underlying the departure of a first individual and those of thefollowers are different, and the departure of the first pedestrians stronglyinfluences the decisions of other individuals. We showed that the probabilityto cross the road follows three different processes: one at the red light, onejust before the pedestrian light turns green, and one after the light hasturned green. Globally, the decision of the first pedestrian to cross, whetherhe or she does so at the green or at the red light, is influenced by theircountry of residence. We observed a lower threshold for Japanese pedestriansbecause they tend to follow their private or personal information. We identifythe use of cognitive processes such as risk sensitivity and temporaldiscounting, and propose new concepts based on the results of this study todecrease the incidence of rule-breaking by pedestrians.

Decision-making processes underlying pedestrian behaviours at signalised crossing: Part 1. The first to step off the kerb