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In this paper, a software-based simulator for the deployment of basestation-equipped unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a cellular network isproposed. To this end, the Google Earth Engine platform and its included imageprocessing functions are used to collect geospatial data and to identifyobstacles that can disrupt the line-of-sight (LoS) communications between UAVsand ground users. Given such geographical information, three environment-awareoptimal UAV deployment scenarios are investigated using the developedsimulator. In the first scenario, the positions of UAVs are optimized such thatthe number of ground users covered by UAVs is maximized. In the secondscenario, the minimum number of UAVs needed to provide full coverage for allground users is determined. Finally, given the load requirements of the groundusers, the total flight time (i.e., energy) that the UAVs need to completelyserve the ground users is minimized. Simulation results using a real area ofthe Virginia Tech campus show that the proposed environment-aware dronedeployment framework with Google Earth input significantly enhances the networkperformance in terms of coverage and energy consumption, compared to classicaldeployment approaches that do not exploit geographical information. Inparticular, the results show that the proposed approach yields a coverageenhancement by a factor of 2, and a 65% improvement in energy-efficiency. Theresults have also shown the existence of an optimal number of drones that leadsto a maximum wireless coverage performance.

Environment-Aware Deployment of Wireless Drones Base Stations with Google Earth Simulator