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In the present work, experimental study has been carried out to expose thethermal, mechanical, and microstructural properties of low carbon steel as wellas to inspects the influence of etchant concentration and etching time on itsmicrostructure. Ultra-low carbon steel, in the form of a sheet, was collectedfrom the Mughal Steel Industry, Peshawar, Pakistan. The sample was chemicallyetched, using Nital as an etchant, by two different methods: first, by changingthe etching time while keeping the composition of etchant the same and second,by keeping the time constant while varying the etchant composition in a rangeof 5-14 %. The microstructure analysis revealed that ultra-fine grain can beobtained for the etchant composition of 8 % nitric acid in ethanol.Additionally, we noticed that the best etching time, for getting a clearmorphology, was 90 s. The X-ray diffraction revealed mainly alpha-iron. Thermalanalysis showed a minor weight loss followed by weight gain of 1.31 wt %.Contraction and expansion, observed on the TDA curve, suggested thetransformation of BCC to FCC structure. Our results indicated that the specimenis highly ductile, malleable and soft.

Characterization of ultra-low carbon steel: A preliminary approach to investigate the quality and standards of locally-available steel