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Here, through a systematic methodology and the use of high performancecomputing, we calculate the optimum shape for a wave energy converter under theaction of incident waves of (i) monochromatic unidirectional, (ii)monochromatic directional, (iii) polychromatic unidirectional and (iv)polychromatic directional (with both directional symmetry and asymmetry). As abenchmark for our study, without loss of generality, we consider a submergedplanar pressure differential wave energy converter, and use Genetic Algorithmto search through a wide range of shapes. A new parametric description ofabsorber shape based on Fourier decomposition of geometrical shapes isintroduced, and for each shape hydrodynamic coefficients are calculated,optimum power take-o? parameters are obtained, and overall efficiency isdetermined. We show that an optimum geometry of the absorber plate can absorb asignificantly higher energy (in some cases a few times higher) when compared toa circular shape of the same area. Specifically, for a unidirectional incidentwave, the optimum shape, as expected, is obtained to be the most elongatedshape. For directional incident waves, a butterfly-shape is the optimumgeometry whose details depend on not only the amplitude and direction ofincident wave components, but also the relative phases of those components. Forthe latter effect, we find an optimally averaged profile through a statisticalanalysis. Keywords: Wave energy conversion, Shape optimization

Shape Optimization of Wave Energy Converters for Broadband Directional Incident Waves