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The advent of WWW changed the way we can produce and access information.Recent studies showed that users tend to select information that is consistentwith their system of beliefs, forming polarized groups of like-minded peoplearound shared narratives where dissenting information is ignored. In thisenvironment, users cooperate to frame and reinforce their shared narrativemaking any attempt at debunking inefficient. Such a configuration occurs evenin the consumption of news online, and considering that 63% of users accessnews directly form social media, one hypothesis is that more polarizationallows for further spreading of misinformation. Along this path, we focus onthe polarization of users around news outlets on Facebook in different Europeancountries (Italy, France, Spain and Germany). First, we compare the pages'posting behavior and the users' interacting patterns across countries andobserve different posting, liking and commenting rates. Second, we explore thetendency of users to interact with different pages (i.e., selective exposure)and the emergence of polarized communities generated around specific pages.Then, we introduce a new metric -- i.e., polarization rank -- to measurepolarization of communities for each country. We find that Italy is the mostpolarized country, followed by France, Germany and lastly Spain. Finally, wepresent a variation of the Bounded Confidence Model to simulate the emergenceof these communities by considering the users' engagement and trust on thenews. Our findings suggest that trust in information broadcaster plays apivotal role against polarization of users online.

Polarization Rank: A Study on European News Consumption on Facebook