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The reliability of information in participatory sensing (PS) systems largelydepends on the accuracy of the location of the participating users. However,existing PS applications are not able to efficiently validate the position ofusers in large-scale outdoor environments. In this paper, we present anefficient and scalable Location Validation System (LVS) to secure PS systemsfrom location-spoofing attacks. In particular, the user location is verifiedwith the help of mobile WiFi hot spots (MHSs), which are users activating theWiFi hotspot capability of their smartphones and accepting connections fromnearby users, thereby validating their position inside the sensing area. Thesystem also comprises a novel verification technique called Chains of Sight,which tackles collusion-based attacks effectively. LVS also includes areputation-based algorithm that rules out sensing reports of location-spoofingusers. The feasibility and efficiency of the WiFi-based approach of LVS isdemonstrated by a set of indoor and outdoor experiments conducted usingoff-the-shelf smartphones, while the energy-efficiency of LVS is demonstratedby experiments using the Power Monitor energy tool. Finally, the securityproperties of LVS are analyzed by simulation experiments. Results indicate thatthe proposed LVS system is energy-efficient, applicable to most of thepractical PS scenarios, and efficiently secures existing PS systems fromlocation-spoofing attacks.

Practical Location Validation in Participatory Sensing Through Mobile WiFi Hotspots