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We show that electron pairing is indispensable for the development of theleading edge gap as observed in ARPES measurement in the underdoped cuprates,even though clear evidence for the violation of the particle-hole symmetry isfound in the electron spectrum. To support this assertion, we studied theelectron spectrum under the scattering of diffusive antiferromagnetic(AF) spinfluctuation, which is thought to be a major candidate for a competing order inthe competing order scenario of the pseudogap phenomena. We find that the Fermilevel crossing along the M=$(\pi,0)$ to X=$(\pi,\pi)$ line can only be avoidedwhen the M point is pushed above the Fermi level in this scenario. We arguethat the same conclusion holds in all competing order scenarios that preservethe U(1) charge conservation. The inconsistency between this prediction and theARPES observation implies that a competing order in the particle-hole channelalone is not sufficient to explain the pseudogap as observed in ARPESmeasurement. We also find that the electron system always forms a single largeFermi surface under the scattering of short-ranged dynamical spin fluctuation,rather than forming small Fermi pockets as predicted by the AF band foldingpicture. The AF shadow band is smeared out in energy as a result of thedispersion in the scattered quasiparticle state and the diffusion in spinfluctuation energy. Nevertheless, we find that the AF band folding effect isimportant for the understanding of the quasiparticle dynamics in the pseudogapphase, especially, of the origin of the high energy hump structure in theanti-nodal region and the signature of particle-hole asymmetry in the electronspectrum.

Pairing origin of the pseudogap as observed in ARPES measurement in the underdoped cuprates