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We present a quasi-experiment to investigate whether, and to what extent,sleep deprivation impacts the performance of novice software developers usingthe agile practice of test-first development (TFD). We recruited 45undergraduates and asked them to tackle a programming task. Among theparticipants, 23 agreed to stay awake the night before carrying out the task,while 22 slept usually. We analyzed the quality (i.e., the functionalcorrectness) of the implementations delivered by the participants in bothgroups, their engagement in writing source code (i.e., the amount of activitiesperformed in the IDE while tackling the programming task) and ability to applyTFD (i.e., the extent to which a participant can use this practice). Bycomparing the two groups of participants, we found that a single night of sleepdeprivation leads to a reduction of 50% in the quality of the implementations.There is important evidence that the developers' engagement and their prowessto apply TFD are negatively impacted. Our results also show that sleep-depriveddevelopers make more fixes to syntactic mistakes in the source code. Weconclude that sleep deprivation has possibly disruptive effects on softwaredevelopment activities. The results open opportunities for improvingdevelopers' performance by integrating the study of sleep with otherpsycho-physiological factors in which the software engineering researchcommunity has recently taken an interest in.

Need for Sleep: the Impact of a Night of Sleep Deprivation on Novice Developers' Performance