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Human Body Communication (HBC) has recently emerged as an alternative toradio frequency transmission for connecting devices on and in the human bodywith order(s) of magnitude lower energy. The communication between thesedevices can give rise to different scenarios, which can be classified aswearable-wearable, wearable-machine, machine-machine interactions. In thispaper, for the first time, the human body channel characteristics is measuredfor a wide range of such possible scenarios (14 vs. a few in previousliterature) and classified according to the form-factor of the transmitter andreceiver. The effect of excitation/termination configurations on the channelloss is also explored, which helps explain the previously unexplained widevariation in HBC Channel measurements. Measurement results show thatwearable-wearable interaction has the maximum loss (upto -50 dB) followed bywearable-machine and machinemachine interaction (min loss of 0.5 dB), primarilydue to the small ground size of the wearable devices. Among the excitationconfigurations, differential excitation is suitable for small channel lengthwhereas single ended is better for longer channel.

Characterization and Classification of Human Body Channel as a function of Excitation and Termination Modalities