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All-optical ultrafast magnetization switching in magnetic material thin filmwithout the assistance of an applied external magnetic field is being exploredfor future ultrafast and energy-efficient magnetic storage and memories. It hasbeen shown that femto-second light pulses induce magnetization reversal in alarge variety of magnetic materials. However, so far, only GdFeCo-basedferrimagnetic thin films exhibit magnetization switching via a single opticalpulse. Here we demonstrate the single-pulse switching of Co/Pt multilayerswithin a magnetic spin-valve structure ([Co/Pt] / Cu / GdFeCo) and further showthat the four possible magnetic configurations of the spin valve can beaccessed using a sequence of single femto-second light pulses. Our experimentalstudy reveals that the magnetization final state of the ferromagnetic [Co/Pt]layer is determined by spin-polarized hot electrons generated by the lightpulse interactions with the GdFeCo layer. This work provides a new approach todeterministically switch ferromagnetic layers and a pathway to engineeringmaterials for opto-magnetic multi-bit recording.

Single-shot multi-level all-optical magnetization switching mediated by spin-polarized hot electron transport