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We analyze a MISO downlink channel where a multi-antenna transmittercommunicates with a large number of single-antenna receivers. Using linearbeamforming or nonlinear precoding techniques, the transmitter can servemultiple users simultaneously during each transmission slot. However,increasing the number of users, i.e., the multiplexing gain, reduces thebeamforming gain, which means that the average of the individual data ratesdecreases and their variance increases. We use stochastic network calculus toanalyze the queueing delay that occurs due to the time-varying data rates. Ourresults show that the optimal number of users, i.e., the optimal trade-offbetween multiplexing gain and beamforming gain, depends on incoming datatraffic and its delay requirements.

Delay Performance of the Multiuser MISO Downlink