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We present a novel approach for determining learners' second languageproficiency which utilizes behavioral traces of eye movements during reading.Our approach provides stand-alone eyetracking based English proficiency scoreswhich reflect the extent to which the learner's gaze patterns in reading aresimilar to those of native English speakers. We show that our scores correlatestrongly with standardized English proficiency tests. We also demonstrate thatgaze information can be used to accurately predict the outcomes of such tests.Our approach yields the strongest performance when the test taker is presentedwith a suite of sentences for which we have eyetracking data from otherreaders. However, it remains effective even using eyetracking with sentencesfor which eye movement data have not been previously collected. By derivingproficiency as an automatic byproduct of eye movements during ordinary reading,our approach offers a potentially valuable new tool for second languageproficiency assessment. More broadly, our results open the door to futuremethods for inferring reader characteristics from the behavioral traces ofreading.

Assessing Language Proficiency from Eye Movements in Reading