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We present a coupled continuum formulation for the electrostatic, chemical,thermal, mechanical and fluid physics in battery materials. Our treatment is atthe particle scale, at which the active particles held together bycarbon-binders, the porous separator, current collectors and the perfusingelectrolyte are explicitly modeled. Starting with the description common to thefield, in terms of reaction-transport partial differential equations for ions,variants of the classical Poisson equation for electrostatics, and the heatequation, we introduce solid-fluid interaction to the problem. Our maincontribution is to model the electrolyte as an incompressible fluid driven byelastic, thermal and lithium intercalation strains in the active material. Ourtreatment is in the finite strain setting, and uses the ArbitraryLagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework to account for mechanical coupling of thesolid and fluid. We present a detailed computational study of the influence ofsolid-fluid interaction and magnitude of intercalation strain upon porosityevolution, ion distribution and electrostatic potential fields in the cell.

A multi-physics battery model with particle scale resolution of porosity evolution driven by intercalation strain and electrolyte flow