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Highly volcanic exoplanets, which can be variously characterized as 'lavaworlds', 'magma ocean worlds', or 'super-Ios' are high priority targets forinvestigation. The term 'lava world' may refer to any planet with extensivesurface lava lakes, while the term 'magma ocean world' refers to planets withglobal or hemispherical magma oceans at their surface. 'Highly volcanicplanets', including super-Ios, may simply have large, or large numbers of,active explosive or extrusive volcanoes of any form. They are plausibly highlydiverse, with magmatic processes across a wide range of compositions,temperatures, activity rates, volcanic eruption styles, and backgroundgravitational force magnitudes. Worlds in all these classes are likely to bethe most characterizable rocky exoplanets in the near future due toobservational advantages that stem from their preferential occurrence in shortorbital periods and their bright day-side flux in the infrared. Transittechniques should enable a level of characterization of these worlds analogousto hot Jupiters. Understanding processes on highly volcanic worlds is criticalto interpret imminent observations. The physical states of these worlds arelikely to inform not just geodynamic processes, but also planet formation, andphenomena crucial to habitability. Volcanic and magmatic activity uniquelyallows chemical investigation of otherwise spectroscopically inaccessibleinterior compositions. These worlds will be vital to assess the degree to whichplanetary interior element abundances compare to their stellar hosts, and mayalso offer pathways to study both the very young Earth, and the very early formof many silicate planets where magma oceans and surface lava lakes are expectedto be more prevalent. We suggest that highly volcanic worlds may become secondonly to habitable worlds in terms of both scientific and public long-terminterest.

Highly Volcanic Exoplanets, Lava Worlds, and Magma Ocean Worlds: An Emerging Class of Dynamic Exoplanets of Significant Scientific Priority