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This review focuses on Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent flowsladen with droplets or bubbles. DNS of these flows are more challenging thanthose of flows laden with solid particles due to the surface deformation in theformer. The classification of the discussed numerical methods is based onwhether the initial diameter of the bubble/droplet is smaller or larger thanthe Kolmogorov length scale, and whether the instantaneous surface deformationis fully resolved or obtained via a phenomenological model. Numerical methodsthat account for the breakup of single droplet/bubble as well as multipledroplet/bubble in canonical turbulent flows are also discussed.

DNS of Turbulent Flows Laden with Droplets or Bubbles