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Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is one of the promising wireless networkingapproaches where a group of wireless devices can establish communication amongthemselves without any infrastructure. MANET has successfully been implementedin the emergency communication, battlefield and Vehicular Ad-hoc Network(VANET) etc. Recently, MANET has also been studied to establish village leveloff-the-grid telephony system using mobile phones (smartphones). As the mobilephones and other modern electronic devices are increasingly equipped withefficient wireless Wi-Fi devices, phone based MANET implementation will opennew horizons for off-the-self services for phones as well as IoTimplementations. However, current MANET routing protocols show poorperformances in implementing MANET among mobile phones due to the requirementsof high memory, commutation power and high energy usage. The performanceseriously degrades when the number of phones increases in the network.Therefore, a lightweight routing protocol is the key requirement for successfulimplementation of MANET using mobile phones. This report presents relevantrouting protocol designs and their applicability to develop lightweight MANETrouting protocols for mobile phones. In conclusion, we have presented thechallenges and research directions in this field

Lightweight Mobile Ad-hoc Network Routing Protocols for Smartphones