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Constant-power loads are notoriously known to destabilise power systems, suchas DC microgrids, due to their negative incremental impedance. This paperequips distributed generation units with decentralised L1 adaptive controllersat the primary level of the microgrid control hierarchy. Necessary andsufficient conditions are provided to local controllers for overall microgridstability when constant-power loads are connected. The advantages of thearchitecture over conventional heuristic approaches are: (i) scalable design,(ii) plug-and-play functionality, (iii) well defined performance and robustnessguarantees in a heterogeneous and uncertain system, and (iv) avoids the needfor online measurements to obtain non-a priori system impedance information.The proposed primary control architecture is evaluated with distributedconsensus-based secondary level controls using a bus-connected DC microgrid,which consists of DC-DC buck and boost converters, linear and non-linear loads.Stability of the overall hierarchical control system is proven using aunit-gain approximation of the primary level.

Decentralised L1 Adaptive Primary Controllers and Distributed Consensus-Based Secondary Control for DC Microgrids with Constant-Power Loads