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We document how the narrative and the policies of space exploration in theU.S. have changed over the past 50 years. We first examine the history of theU.S. space exploration program and also assess three current conditions ofspace exploration including: (1) the increasing role of the private sector, (2)the influence of global politics, and (3) the focus on a human mission to Mars.We identify five rhetorical themes: competition, prestige, collaboration,leadership, and a new paradigm. These themes are then used to analyze thecontent of forty documents from eight presidential administrations. Thehistorical narrative and content analysis together suggest that spaceexploration has developed from a discourse about a bipolar world composed ofthe U.S. and U.S.S.R. into a complicated field that encompass many new players.We make three observations: (1) there is a disconnect between stated U.S.policy goals and the implementation of those goals, (2) the U.S. communicatesmixed messages regarding its intent to be both the dominant leader in spaceexploration and also a committed participant in international collaborations,and (3) the U.S. cannot remain a true pioneer in space exploration if it doesnot embrace the realities of globalization and the changing dynamics withinspace exploration. We conclude with three suggestions: (1) the U.S. governmentand NASA should critically examine space exploration priorities and commit toimplementing a program that will further realistic policy and goals, (2) theU.S. should re-examine its intention to play a dominant leadership role inspace exploration and consider emphasizing a commitment toward activeparticipation in international collaboration in space, and (3) the U.S. shouldfully embrace the new paradigm of space exploration by lowering barriers thathinder competitiveness.

The American Space Exploration Narrative from the Cold War through the Obama Administration