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This manuscript investigates and proposes a visual gaze tracker that tacklesthe problem using only an ordinary web camera and no prior knowledge in anysense (scene set-up, camera intrinsic and/or extrinsic parameters). The trackerwe propose is based on the observation that our desire to grant the freedom ofnatural head movement to the user requires 3D modeling of the scene set-up.Although, using a single low resolution web camera bounds us in dimensions (nodepth can be recovered), we propose ways to cope with this drawback and modelthe scene in front of the user. We tackle this three-dimensional problem byrealizing that it can be viewed as series of two-dimensional special cases.Then, we propose a procedure that treats each movement of the user's head as aspecial two-dimensional case, hence reducing the complexity of the problem backto two dimensions. Furthermore, the proposed tracker is calibration free anddiscards this tedious part of all previously mentioned trackers.  Experimental results show that the proposed tracker achieves good results,given the restrictions on it. We can report that the tracker commits a meanerror of (56.95, 70.82) pixels in x and y direction, respectively, when theuser's head is as static as possible (no chin-rests are used). Furthermore, wecan report that the proposed tracker commits a mean error of (87.18, 103.86)pixels in x and y direction, respectively, under natural head movement.

Webcam-based Eye Gaze Tracking under Natural Head Movement