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Combinatorial testing has been suggested as an effective method of creatingtest cases at a lower cost. However, industrially applicable tools for modelingand combinatorial test generation are still scarce. As a direct effect,combinatorial testing has only seen a limited uptake in industry that callsinto question its practical usefulness. This lack of evidence is especiallytroublesome if we consider the use of combinatorial test generation forindustrial safety-critical control software, such as are found in trains,airplanes, and power plants. To study the industrial application ofcombinatorial testing, we evaluated ACTS, a popular tool for combinatorialmodeling and test generation, in terms of applicability and test efficiency onindustrial-sized IEC 61131-3 industrial control software running onProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLC). We assessed ACTS in terms of its directapplicability in combinatorial modeling of IEC 61131-3 industrial software andthe efficiency of ACTS in terms of generation time and test suite size. We used17 industrial control programs provided by Bombardier Transportation Sweden ABand used in a train control management system. Our results show that not allcombinations of algorithms and interaction strengths could generate a testsuite within a realistic cut-off time. The results of the modeling process andthe efficiency evaluation of ACTS are useful for practitioners considering touse combinatorial testing for industrial control software as well as forresearchers trying to improve the use of such combinatorial testing techniques.

Combinatorial Modeling and Test Case Generation for Industrial Control Software using ACTS