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In this paper, we study the effects of the variations of the propagationdelay over large-scale antenna-arrays used in massive multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) wideband communication systems on the statisticalproperties of the channel. Due to its simplicity and popularity, the Ellipticalgeometry-based stochastic channel model (GBSM) is employed to demonstrate newnon-stationary properties of the channel in the frequency and spatial domainscaused by the drift of delays. In addition, we show that the time of travel ofmulti-path components (MPCs) over large-scale arrays may result in overlookedfrequency and spatial decorrelation effects. These are theoreticallydemonstrated by deriving the space-time-frequency correlation functions(STFCFs) of both narrowband and wideband Elliptical models. Closed-formexpressions of the array-variant frequency correlation function (FCF), powerdelay profile (PDP), mean delay, and delay spread of single- and multi-confocalElliptical models are derived when the angles of arrival (AOAs) are von Misesdistributed. In such conditions, we find that the large dimensions of theantenna array may limit the narrowband characteristic of the single-ellipsemodel and alter the wideband characteristics (PDP and FCF) of themulti-confocal Elliptical channel model. Although we present and analyzenumerical and simulation results for a particular GBSM, similar conclusions canbe extended to other GBSMs.

A Study of Delay Drifts on Massive MIMO Wideband Channel Models