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Microlensing can access planet populations that no other method can probe:cold wide-orbit planets beyond the snow line, planets in both the Galacticbulge and disk, and free floating planets (FFPs). The demographics of eachpopulation will provide unique constraints on planet formation.  Over the past 5 years, U.S. microlensing campaigns with Spitzer and UKIRThave provided a powerful complement to international ground-based microlensingsurveys, with major breakthroughs in parallax measurements and probing newregions of the Galaxy. The scientific vitality of these projects has alsopromoted the development of the U.S. microlensing community.  In the 2020s, the U.S. can continue to play a major role in ground-basedmicrolensing by leveraging U.S. assets to complement ongoing ground-basedinternational surveys. LSST and UKIRT microlensing surveys would probe vastregions of the Galaxy, where planets form under drastically differentconditions. Moreover, while ground-based surveys will measure the planetmass-ratio function beyond the snow line, adaptive optics (AO) observationswith ELTs would turn all of these mass ratios into masses and also distinguishbetween very wide-orbit planets and genuine FFPs. To the extent possible,cooperation of U.S. scientists with international surveys should also beencouraged and supported.

White Paper: Exoplanetary Microlensing from the Ground in the 2020s