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The controllable positioning of a vacuum-levitated object near a materialsurface is of importance for studying short-range forces, such as Casimirforces, interfacial friction forces, or gravity in yet unexplored parameterregimes. Here we optically levitate a nanoparticle in a laser beam stronglyfocused on a dielectric membrane. By investigating the motion of the trappedparticle in vacuum, we map the position-dependent optical potential of theparticle. We interferometrically measure the distance between the particle andthe surface and demonstrate stable trapping in sub-wavelength proximity of thedielectric surface. Our work is important for the development of on-chiplevitated optomechanics and for measuring short-range forces at sub-wavelengthdistances.

Optical potential mapping with a levitated nanoparticle at sub-wavelength distances from a membrane