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Both the use of very large arrays of antennas and flexible time divisionduplexing (TDD) designs have become prominent features of next generation 5Gcellular systems. However, both enabling technologies suffer from severeinterference effects, respectively known as pilot contamination andbase-station-to-base-station (B2B) interference. In this paper, a practicalnovel TDD design principle is proposed for massive multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) that leverages theinherent features of a flexible TDD design to mitigate both the beamformedinterference caused by the pilot contamination effect and B2B interference. Thedesign is based on the key observation that the transmission path chosen fortraining by the non-massive MIMO base stations plays an important role in theinterference behavior of the network, and the data slots need to be configuredaccordingly. We propose TDFLEX, a low-complexity heuristic solution thatfollows these design guidelines. Performance evaluation results showsignificant gains when our design is compared to the standard TD-LTE.

Interference-Aware Flexible TDD Design for Massive MIMO 5G Systems