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A simple variational argument based on the Gaussian Effective Potential (GEP)is put forward to give evidence for mass generation and deconfinement in pureYang-Mills SU(N) theory. The GEP analysis shows that the massless gaussianvacuum of Yang-Mills theory is perturbatively unstable towards a massivegaussian vacuum, indicating that a massive expansion is the natural choice forcomputations in YMT. At finite temperature, the GEP provides an optimaltemperature-dependent mass parameter for the expansion and signals theoccurrence of a weakly first-order phase transition at $T_{c}\approx$ 255 MeVfor $N=3$. The equation of state is found to be in good agreement with thelattice data. This work is complemented with review material on the standardand massive expansions of Yang-Mills theory and on the formalism of quantumfield theory at finite temperature. Comparisons are made with lattice resultsand numerical tables are provided to support our findings.

Mass generation and deconfinement in pure Yang-Mills theory: a variational study