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In this letter, we introduce a novel pilot design approach that minimizes thetotal mean square errors of the minimum mean square error estimators of allbase stations (BSs) subject to the transmit power constraints of individualusers in the network, while tackling the pilot contamination in multi-cellMassive MIMO systems. First, we decompose the original non-convex problem intodistributed optimization sub-problems at individual BSs, where each BS canoptimize its own pilot signals given the knowledge of pilot signals from theremaining BSs. We then introduce a successive optimization approach totransform each optimization sub-problem into a linear matrix inequality (LMI)form, which is convex and can be solved by available optimization packages.Simulation results confirm the fast convergence of the proposed approach andprevails a benchmark scheme in terms of providing higher accuracy.

A Successive Optimization Approach to Pilot Design for Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Systems