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Electrochemical energy storage (ES) units (e.g. batteries) have beenfield-validated as an efficient back-up resource that enhance resilience of thedistribution system in case of natural disasters. However, using these unitsfor resilience is not sufficient to economically justify their installationand, therefore, these units are often installed in locations where they incurthe greatest economic value during normal operations. Motivated by the recentprogress in transportable ES technologies, i.e. ES units can be moved usingpublic transportation routes, this paper proposes to use this spatialflexibility to bridge the gap between the economically optimal locations duringnormal operations and disaster-specific locations where extra back-up capacityis necessary. We propose a two-stage optimization model that optimizesinvestments in mobile ES units in the first stage and can re-route theinstalled mobile ES units in the second stage to avoid the expected loadshedding caused by disaster forecasts. Since the proposed model cannot besolved efficiently with off-the-shelf solvers, even for relatively smallinstances, we apply a progressive hedging algorithm. The proposed model andprogressive hedging algorithm are tested through two illustrative examples on a15-bus radial distribution test system.

Enhancing Distribution Resilience with Mobile Energy Storage: A Progressive Hedging Approach