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We present an explicit second order staggered finite difference (FD)discretization scheme for forward simulation of natural gas transport inpipeline networks. By construction, this discretization approach guaranteesthat the conservation of mass condition is satisfied exactly. The mathematicalmodel is formulated in terms of density, pressure, and mass flux variables, andas a result permits the use of a general equation of state to define therelation between the gas density and pressure for a given temperature. In asingle pipe, the model represents the dynamics of the density by propagation ofa non-linear wave according to a variable wave speed. We derive compatibilityconditions for linking domain boundary values to enable efficient, explicitsimulation of gas flows propagating through a network with pressure changescreated by gas compressors. We compare Kiuchi's implicit method and an explicitoperator splitting method with our staggered grid method, and perform numericalexperiments to validate the convergence order of the new method. In addition,we perform several computations to investigate the influence of non-idealequation of state models and temperature effects into pipeline simulations withboundary conditions over various time and space scales.

An explicit staggered-grid method for numerical simulation of large-scale natural gas pipeline networks