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A fundamental building block in nano-photonics is the ability todirectionally excite highly squeezed optical mode dynamically, particularlywith an electrical bias. Such capabilities would enable the active manipulationof light propagation for information processing and transfer. However, when theoptical source is built-in, it remains challenging to steer the excitationdirectionality in a flexible way. Here, we reveal a novel mechanism for tunabledirectional excitation of highly squeezed polaritons in graphene-hexagonalboron nitride (hBN) heterostructures. The effect relies on controlling the signof the group velocity of the coupled plasmon-phonon polaritons, which can beflipped by simply tuning the chemical potential of graphene (throughelectrostatic gating) in the heterostructures. Graphene-hBN heterostructurethus present a promising platform toward nano-photonic circuits andnano-devices with electrically reconfigurable functionalities.

Group-velocity-controlled and gate-tunable directional excitation of polaritons in graphene-boron nitride heterostructures