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We investigated the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity andthermopower as a function of Nb content (x) in Ba0.7Eu0.3Ti1-xNbxO3 (x = 0.001-0.10) in the temperature range T = 400-2 K. The substitution of Nb destabilizesthe ferroelectric insulating ground state of Ba0.7Eu0.3TiO3 and transforms intoa paramagnetic metal for x = 0.1. Thermopower is negative in the entirecomposition range (S = -613 microVolt/K at 400 K for x = 0.001) and itsmagnitude decreases with increasing Nb content which suggests doping ofelectrons into empty Ti-3d(t2g) conduction band. In this series, thedimensionless figure of merit (ZT) increases with temperature for all thecompositions and the x = 0.03 composition exhibits the maximum ZT (= 0.12 at400 K). The enhanced value of ZT is primarily due to the low thermalconductivity of samples in this series (~ 0.7 to 1 W/(m.K) at 400 K) comparedto other potential high temperature n-type thermoelectric oxides such ascarrier doped SrTiO3 and CaMnO3. The low thermal conductivity in our compoundsmost likely arises from heavy Eu2+ ion and lattice disorder introduced by Nb5+which scatter phonons effectively.

Large thermoelectric response in a diluted ferroelectric system: Ba0.7Eu0.3Ti1-xNbxO3