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In the past decade, the concept of parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry,originally introduced in non-Hermitian extensions of quantum mechanicaltheories, has come into thinking of photonics, providing a fertile ground forstudying, observing, and utilizing some of the peculiar aspects of$\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry in optics. Together with related concepts ofnon-Hermitian physics of open quantum systems, such as non-Hermitiandegeneracies (exceptional points) and spectral singularities, $\mathcal{PT}$symmetry represents one among the most fruitful ideas introduced in optics inthe past few years. Judicious tailoring of optical gain and loss in integratedphotonic structures has emerged as a new paradigm in shaping the flow of lightin unprecedented ways, with major applications encompassing laser science andtechnology, optical sensing, and optical material engineering. In thisperspective, I review some of the main achievements and emerging areas of$\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric and non-Hermtian photonics, and provide an outline ofchallenges and directions for future research in one of the fastest growingresearch area of photonics.

Parity-Time Symmetry meets Photonics: A New Twist in non-Hermitian Optics