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Despite the decades of efforts, the choice of EEG reference is still adebated fundamental issue. Non-neutral reference can inevitably inject theuncontrolled temporal biases into all EEG recordings, which may influence thespatiotemporal analysis of brain activity. A method, termed microstates,identifying spatiotemporal EEG features as the quasi-stable topography statesin milliseconds, suggests its potential as biomarkers of neurophysiologicaldisease. As reference electrode standardization technique (REST) couldreconstruct an infinity reference approximately, it is a question whether RESTor the other references will be more reliable than average reference (AR) forthe microstates analysis. In this study, we design the microstate-based EEGforward model, and apply different references for microstates analysis. Thespatial similarity between the generated and assumed cluster maps is mainlyinvestigated. Furthermore, the real EEG data by the parametric bootstrap methodis used to validate the performance of the references. Finally, we find thatREST is robust to recover more similar cluster maps to the assumption than ARin the simulation, and the cluster maps between REST and AR on the real EEGdata are quite different. This study may indicate that REST contributes toidentifying more objective microstates features than AR.

Restate the reference for EEG microstate analysis