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One highly desirable function of a diffraction grating is its ability todeflect incident light into a specific diffraction order with near-perfectefficiency. While such asymmetry can be achieved in a variety of ways, e.g., byusing a sawtooth (blazed) geometry, a recently emerged approach is to use aplanar metagrating comprised of designer multi-resonant periodic units(metamolecules). Here we demonstrate that a bianisotropic unit cell supportingfour resonances interfering in the far field can be used as a building blockfor achieving the prefect deflection. A coupled mode analysis shows that thesemodes provide a small number of orthogonal electromagnetic radiation patternsthat are needed to suppress transmission/reflection into all but onediffraction order. Bianisotropy caused by a mirror symmetry breaking enables anormally incident wave to excite, through near-field couplings, two otherwise"dark" resonant modes. We design and experimentally realize bianisotropicmetamolecules which are sub-wavelength in all three dimensions, and whoseoptical properties are desensitized to fabrication imperfections by theirgeometric simplicity. We show that optical beams tightly focused onto themetagratings with just a few unit cells can also be asymmetrically deflectedwith high efficiency, paving the way for compact broadband optical devices.

Perfect Diffraction with Bianisotropic Metagratings