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Recently, botnets such as Mirai and Persirai targeted IoT devices on a largescale. We consider attacks by botnets on cyber-physical systems (CPS), whichrequire advanced capabilities such as controlling the physical processes inreal-time. Traditional botnets are not suitable for this goal mainly becausethey lack process control capabilities, are not optimized for low latencycommunication, and bots generally do not leverage local resources. We arguethat such attacks would require cyber-physical botnets. A cyber-physical botnetneeds coordinated and heterogeneous bots, capable of performing adversarialcontrol strategies while subject to the constraints of the target CPS. In thiswork, we present CPSBot, a framework to build cyber-physical botnets. Wepresent an example of a centralized CPSBot targeting a centrally controlledsystem and a decentralized CPSBot targeting a system distributed control. Weimplemented the former CPSBot using MQTT for the C&C channel and Modbus/TCP asthe target network protocol and we used it to launch several attacks on realand simulated Water Distribution. We evaluate our implementation withdistributed reply and distributed impersonation attacks on a CPS, and show thatmalicious control with negligible latency is possible.

Taking Control: Design and Implementation of Botnets for Cyber-Physical Attacks with CPSBot