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The popularity of ASR (automatic speech recognition) systems, like GoogleVoice, Cortana, brings in security concerns, as demonstrated by recent attacks.The impacts of such threats, however, are less clear, since they are eitherless stealthy (producing noise-like voice commands) or requiring the physicalpresence of an attack device (using ultrasound). In this paper, we demonstratethat not only are more practical and surreptitious attacks feasible but theycan even be automatically constructed. Specifically, we find that the voicecommands can be stealthily embedded into songs, which, when played, caneffectively control the target system through ASR without being noticed. Forthis purpose, we developed novel techniques that address a key technicalchallenge: integrating the commands into a song in a way that can beeffectively recognized by ASR through the air, in the presence of backgroundnoise, while not being detected by a human listener. Our research shows thatthis can be done automatically against real world ASR applications. We alsodemonstrate that such CommanderSongs can be spread through Internet (e.g.,YouTube) and radio, potentially affecting millions of ASR users. We furtherpresent a new mitigation technique that controls this threat.

CommanderSong: A Systematic Approach for Practical Adversarial Voice Recognition