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Study of exoplanets has been of considerable interest for Astronomers,Planetary Scientists and Astrobiologists. Analysis of huge planetary data fromspace missions such as CoRoT and Kepler is directed ultimately at finding aplanet similar to Earth- the Earth's twin, and looking for potentialhabitability. The Earth Similarity Index (ESI) is defined to find thesimilarity with Earth, which ranges from 1 (Earth) to 0 (totally dissimilar toEarth). ESI can be computed using four physical parameters of a planet, namelyradius, density, escape velocity and surface temperature. The surfacetemperature entering surface ESI is a non-observable quantity and what we knowis only equilibrium temperature of exoplanets. We have established a relationbetween surface and equilibrium temperatures using the data available for thesolar system objects to address the difficulty in determining surfacetemperature. From the ESI analysis, we have found 20 Earth-like exoplanets withESI value above 0.8, which is set as the threshold. We are also interested inMars-like planets to search for planets that may host the extreme life Forexample, methane-specific extremophile life form metabolism, for which a newapproach, called Mars Similarity Index (MSI) is introduced. MSI is defined inthe range between 1 (present Mars) and 0 (dissimilar to present Mars) and usesthe same physical parameters as that of ESI. We introduced another new approachto study the potential habitability of exoplanets based on Cobb-DouglasFunction, multi-parametric function. This did not yield any encouragingresults.

Earth Similarity Index and Habitability Studies of Exoplanets