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With the envisioned massive Internet-of-Things (IoT) era, one of thechallenges for 5G wireless systems will be handling the unprecedented spectrumcrunch. A potential solution has emerged in the form of spectrum sharing, whichdeviates from a monopolistic spectrum usage system. This article investigatesthe medium access control (MAC) as a means of increasing the viability of thespectrum sharing technique. We first quantify the opportunity of spectrumaccess in a probabilistic manner, a method referred to as opportunityprobability (OP). Based on the OP framework, we propose a random MAC algorithmin which the access of a node is randomly determined with its own OP value. Asa possible application of our OP based random MAC, we propose a hybrid halfduplex (HD)/full duplex (FD) communication where each pair decides theduplexing mode according to the OP values of the two pair nodes. This approachfits well with the spectrum sharing system since it enables a flexibleoperation for the spectrum access according to the spectrum usage level. Fromthe numerical analysis, we validate the feasibility and verify the performanceenhancements by implementing an FPGA based real-time prototype. Measurementsand numerical results confirm that the proposed architecture can achieve up to4 times higher system throughput than conventional LTE-TDD (time divisionduplex) systems.

Opportunism in Dynamic Spectrum Access for 5G: A Concept and Its Application to Duplexing