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The concept of Maximum Potential Intensity (MPI) is widely used in tropicalcyclone research to estimate the minimum central pressure and the maximumvelocity of tropical storms from environmental parameters. The MPI pressurederives from consideration of an idealized thermodynamic cycle, while the MPIvelocity additionally requires information about real-time power and heat flowswithin the storm. Recently MPI velocity was proposed to be a substantialoverestimate (by 10-30 percent) presumably neglecting the power needed to liftprecipitating water (the gravitational power of precipitation). This conclusiondid not involve a theoretical analysis of the MPI concept but was based onobserved hurricane rainfall to estimate gravitational power of precipitation.However, since the MPI pressure estimate does explicitly account for liftingwater, and the MPI velocity derives from this pressure, the question ariseswhether a correction to MPI velocity is required. Here we represent and examinethe MPI derivations in their most general form and show that although acorrection to MPI velocity is justified, it is an order of magnitude or sosmaller than originally proposed. We show that the neglect of gravitationalpower of precipitation in the MPI velocity estimate was caused by theincomplete formulation of the general relationship between pressure work anddissipation of kinetic energy, taken per unit time and integrated over thestorm. We highlight the importance of an internally consistent framework toestimate both storm energy and power and provide some perspectives for furtherinvestigating the role of moisture.

Hurricane's Maximum Potential Intensity and the Gravitational Power of Precipitation