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Time- and pitch-scale modifications of speech signals find importantapplications in speech synthesis, playback systems, voice conversion,learning/hearing aids, etc.. There is a requirement for computationallyefficient and real-time implementable algorithms. In this paper, we propose ahigh quality and computationally efficient time- and pitch-scaling methodologybased on the glottal closure instants (GCIs) or epochs in speech signals. Theproposed algorithm, termed as epoch-synchronous overlap-add time/pitch-scaling(ESOLA-TS/PS), segments speech signals into overlapping short-time frames andthen the adjacent frames are aligned with respect to the epochs and the framesare overlap-added to synthesize time-scale modified speech. Pitch scaling isachieved by resampling the time-scaled speech by a desired sampling factor. Wealso propose a concept of epoch embedding into speech signals, whichfacilitates the identification and time-stamping of samples corresponding toepochs and using them for time/pitch-scaling to multiple scaling factorswhenever desired, thereby contributing to faster and efficient implementation.The results of perceptual evaluation tests reported in this paper indicate thesuperiority of ESOLA over state-of-the-art techniques. ESOLA significantlyoutperforms the conventional pitch synchronous overlap-add (PSOLA) techniquesin terms of perceptual quality and intelligibility of the modified speech.Unlike the waveform similarity overlap-add (WSOLA) or synchronous overlap-add(SOLA) techniques, the ESOLA technique has the capability to do exacttime-scaling of speech with high quality to any desired modification factorwithin a range of 0.5 to 2. Compared to synchronous overlap-add with fixedsynthesis (SOLAFS), the ESOLA is computationally advantageous and at leastthree times faster.

Epoch-Synchronous Overlap-Add (ESOLA) for Time- and Pitch-Scale Modification of Speech Signals