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The pseudogap phenomena have been a long-standing mystery of the cupratehigh-temperature superconductors. Unlike the pseudogap in hole-doped cuprates,however, the pseudogap in the electron-doped counterpart has been attributed toband folding due to short-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) order. We performedangle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on electron-dopedcuprates showing spin-glass and disordered AFM behaviors at low temperatures,and found that the gap magnitude \textit{decreases} in the antinodal regioncontrary to the hole-doped case. Moreover, the gap opening position was notalways on the AFM Brillouin zone boundary in contradiction with the requirementof the AFM band-folding picture. These features are consistent with clusterdynamical-mean-field-theory calculations which predict an $s$-symmetrypseudogap that shrinks in the andinodal region. The present results support thescenario that the proximity to the Mott insulator, without relying on thewell-developed AFM correlation, gives rise to a momentum-dependent pseudogap of$s$-symmetry with indirect gap commonly in the electron-doped and hole-dopedcuprates, implying a universal origin of the pseudogap with a similarity to theMott gap formation.

Common origin of the pseudogap in electron-doped and hole-doped cuprates governed by Mott physics