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Kibble and Zurek proposed that rapid symmetry breaking transitions in thehot, early universe could result in causally disconnected topological defectssuch as cosmic strings. This type of first order transition has analogues incertain second order transitions present in condensed matter such as liquidcrystals, super fluids, and charge density waves in terms of flux tubes orvortices. Recently, we discovered that Rhodopseudomonas acidophilusphotosynthetic light harvesting complex might have different types of coherentground and excited states, suggesting that there are two different symmetrybreaking transitions. The B 850 ground states comprise eight identical ringseach containing 18 bacteriochlorophyll components, and each ring has undergonea Bose Einstein phase transition to a charge density wave that lowers theenergy. The excited state coherence results from polariton formation from thenon-crossing of bosons, here an extension of exciton theory. The result isshort-lived quasi-particles with very low mass that can form an unusual BEC. Wesuggest the oriented, circular B 850 and enclosed singlet B 875 compoundscreate a new cavity structure with some attributes of a nano pillar. Since boththe ground and excited states should contain solitons, we envisage three fastlight pulse experiments could be able to map both the Kibble Zurek Model phasetransitions and energy transfers as a function of light intensity and time inthis complex at room temperature.

Do Two Symmetry Breaking Transitions in Photosynthetic Light Harvesting Complexes Form One, Two or More Kibble Zurek Model Topological Defects?