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Earthquake monitoring across the globe is currently achieved with networks ofseismic stations. The data from these networks have been instrumental inadvancing our understanding of the Earth's interior structure and dynamicbehaviour. However, almost all seismic stations are located on land andearthquakes of magnitude smaller than 4 at the bottom of the oceans remainlargely undetected. Here we show that ordinary telecommunication optical fibrelinks can detect seismic events when combined with state-of-the-art frequencymetrology techniques. We have detected earthquakes over terrestrial andsubmarine optical fibre links with length ranging from 75 to 535 km and ageographical distance from the earthquake's epicentre ranging from 25 to 18,500km. In contrast to existing commercial reflectometry-based acoustic sensingmethods used widely in the oil and gas industry, which are limited to only afew tens of kilometres, the technique presented here can be extended overthousands of kilometres, paving the way for detection of remote underwaterearthquakes. By using the proposed technique on the existing extensivesubmarine optical fibre infrastructure, which already criss-crosses the seasand oceans, a global seismic network for real-time detection of underwaterearthquakes could be implemented. The ability to detect off-shore earthquakescloser to the source could also enable a cost-effective solution for earlydetection of tsunamis.

Seismology with optical links: enabling a global network for submarine earthquake monitoring