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The rapid charging and/or discharging of electrochemical cells can lead tolocalized depletion of electrolyte concentration. This depletion cansignificantly impact the system's time dependent resistance. For systems withporous electrodes, electrolyte depletion can limit the rate of charging andincrease energy dissipation. Here we propose a theory to control and avoidelectrolyte depletion by tailoring the value and spatial distribution ofresistance in a porous electrode. We explore the somewhat counterintuitive ideathat increasing local spatial resistances of the solid electrode itself leadsto improved charging rate and minimal change in energy loss. We analyticallyderive a simple expression for an electrode resistance profile that leads tohighly uniform electrolyte depletion. We use numerical simulations to explorethis theory and simulate spatiotemporal dynamics of electrolyte concentrationin the case of a supercapacitor with various tailored electrode resistanceprofiles which avoid localized depletion. This increases charging rate up toaround 2-fold with minimal effect on overall dissipated energy in the system.

Tailored Porous Electrode Resistance for Controlling Electrolyte Depletion and Improving Charging Response in Electrochemical Systems