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Chronic stress affects nano to microscale structures of the braincells/tissues due the suppression of neural growths and reconnections, hencethe neuronal activities. This results in depression, memory loss and even thedeath of the brain cells. Our recently developed novel optical technique,partial wave spectroscopic (PWS) microscopy has nanoscale sensitivity, andhence, can detect nanoscale changes in brain tissues due to stress. In thisstudy, we applied this technique to quantify the stress related structuralchanges in the corticosterone-treated mouse model of stress. Our results showthat brains from corticosterone-treated mice showed higher nanoscale structuraldisorder in the hippocampal region as compared to the brain from normal(vehicle) mice. The increase in structural alteration correlates with theduration of the stress. We further quantified the relative changes and thespatial localization of these changes in this mouse model and found out thatthe maximum changes occurred nearly symmetrically in both regions of thehippocampus. The mRNA for stress-related genes, BDNF and TrkB were alsosignificantly reduced in the hippocampus of corticosterone-treated micecompared to that in control mice. These results indicate that chroniccorticosterone treatment induces nanoscale structural alterations in mousebrain that corresponds to the changes in stress-related gene expression.

Optical study of stress hormone-induced nanoscale structural alteration in brain using partial wave spectroscopic (PWS) microscopy