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Moisture in the form of humidity has a significant impact on the operation ofphotovoltaic (PV) cells and panels. Moisture is often diffuse through theencapsulant film (Ethylene Vynil Acetate (EVA), PVB, PVF, PMMA) or thebreathable back-sheet. Moisture is known to accelerate the degradation andreduce the performance of a PV while operating in a wet environment. SCAPS 1 Dis widely used to simulate and estimate the operation of PV. In this work, weshowed the effect of moisture on the operation and performance of a PV, madefrom monocrystalline silicon. Namely, the influence of defects and impuritiesgenerated by moisture was investigated. We studied the simultaneous effects ofSilanlols (Si-OH), Hydrogen ions H$^+$, and the metallic ions generated fromthe corrosion of contacts, encapsulant and transparent conducting oxide (TCO)when there is production of acid (Al$^{3+}$; Zn$^{2+}$), or from dust(Fe$^{3+}$).  The numerical simulation showed that : starting with PV cells withoutmoisture, the Fill Factor (FF) and the Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) droprespectively from 82.80 $\%$ to 81.78 $\%$ and 18.57 $\%$ to 11.46 $\%$ , whenthere is moisture in the cell and PVB used as encapsulant. Further degradationof parameters was observed, when the moisture leads to the production of aceticacid on the EVA, or when there is dust having iron (Fe). FF and PCE werefurther dropped to 79.20 $\%$ and 7.04 $\%$ respectively, using the sameinitial photovoltaic cells. Furthermore, a net decrease in key electricalparameters of the PV was observed throughout the study, with maximal power (P$_{max}$), the short circuit current ( J$_{SC}$), the current density atmaximum power J$_{MP}$ reducing by more than 50\%. This study paves the way forthe improvement of performance, and the understanding of degradation process inpanels used in wet environments and tropical area.

Influence of moisture on the operation of a mono-crystalline based silicon photovoltaic cell: A numerical study using SCAPS 1 D