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Josephson junctions operated in the dynamical Coulomb blockade regimerecently gained an significant amount of attention as central building block inconcepts to demonstrate the non-Abelian character of Majorana fermions. Itsphysical properties are strongly affected by the intimate interplay ofintrinsic quantum fluctuations and environmentally-induced quantum fluctuationseach of which promoting different Cooper pair transport mechanisms at smallvoltages around zero. To shed light on the detailed transport mechanismsoccurring in this type of junction, we performed voltage-biased measurements onthe small-capacitance Josephson junction of a scanning tunneling microscope atmilli-Kelvin temperatures. The low voltage-regime of experimentalcurrent-voltage characteristics can be modeled by the two complementarydescriptions of phase coherent and incoherent Cooper pair transport, signalingthe occurrence of qualitatively different transport mechanisms. Thisobservation receives further support from analyzing the calculated Fano factorof the current noise as a probe for correlations in Cooper pair transport,following a theoretical proposal. Together our experimental observations andrelated data analysis provide a clear signature of coherent Cooper pairtransport along with the absence of perfect charge quantized transport aroundzero voltage, as well as of incoherent Cooper pair transport towards highervoltages.

Signatures of phase-coherent transport and the role of quantum fluctuations in the dynamical Coulomb blockade regime