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Linear chains of about 10-13 carbon atoms were predicted to be the mostfavorable phase on different metal surfaces prior to graphene nucleation.However, unlike the graphene that widely studied both theoretically andexperimentally, carbon chains on metal surfaces were not directly studied bySTM yet. Here we fill in the gap and report on STM experiments of linear carbonchains synthesized on Ni(111) through on-surface coupling of dehydrogenatedpropene molecules. Identification of chains was supported with DFT calculationsand the proposed models consist of 12 carbon atoms, possibly covered byhydrogen atoms. Heating to 580 K leads to dramatic decrease of carbon chainsand new phase appearance - graphene nucleus coexisted with nickel carbide.After flash annealing to 773 K (temperature of graphene synthesis), a smallnumber of chains were presented on the Ni(111) surface, together with grapheneislands and nickel carbide. The carbon chains are stable at room temperatureand their mobility was directly observed by STM.

Carbon chains and graphene nucleus synthesized on Ni(111) surface