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The immune system must recognize countless pathogens throughout life. Howdoes this system organize the finite but effective repertoire of receptors?This finite set of receptors must inevitably be cross-reactive to multiplepathogens while retaining high specificity to different pathogens. In thisstudy, we computationally examined the cross-reactivity of T-cell receptors andpeptides derived from infectious diseases based on the pairwise binding energyof their amino acid sequences. We found that T-cell receptors have diverseamino acid compositions, leading to a broad spectrum of cross-reactivity inpeptide binding. High/low cross-reactive T-cell receptors have more/lessstrongly interacting amino acids. Then, we investigated the target searchingtime of the natural T-cell repertoire and compared the target searching timebetween the high and low cross-reactive T-cell repertoires. According to ourcomputational results, the natural T-cell repertoire is specific andsufficiently rapid in searching for certain targets. High cross-reactive andnon-specific T cells require more time to unbind from incorrect targets, whilelow cross-reactive T cell receptors require more time to search for the correcttargets. Our computational platform, which is based on molecular sequences andtheir pairwise binding energy, could be useful in further explorations ofimmunological recognition.

Broad cross-reactivity of the T-cell repertoire achieves specific and sufficiently rapid target searching