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Internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionizing technology which aims to createan ecosystem of connected objects and embedded devices and provide ubiquitousconnectivity between trillions of not only smart devices but also simplesensors and actuators. Although recent advancements in miniaturization ofdevices with higher computational capabilities and ultra-low powercommunication technologies have enabled the vast deployment of sensors andactuators everywhere, such an evolution calls for fundamental changes inhardware design, software, network architecture, data analytic, data storageand power sources. A large portion of IoT devices cannot be powered bybatteries only anymore, as they will be installed in hard to reach areas andregular battery replacement and maintenance are infeasible. A viable solutionis to scavenge and harvest energy from environment and then provide enoughenergy to the devices to perform their operations. This will significantlyincrease the device life time and eliminate the need for the battery as anenergy source. This survey aims at providing a comprehensive study on energyharvesting techniques as alternative and promising solutions to power IoTdevices. We present the main design challenges of IoT devices in terms ofenergy and power and provide design considerations for a successfulimplementations of self-powered IoT devices. We then specifically focus onpiezoelectric energy harvesting and RF energy harvesting as most promisingsolutions to power IoT devices and present the main challenges and researchdirections. We also shed light on the security challenges of energy harvestingenabled IoT systems and green big data.

Towards a Green and Self-Powered Internet of Things Using Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting